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Background
After World War II, Czechoslovakia fell within the Soviet sphere of influence. In 1968, an invasion by Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country’s leaders to liberalize party rule and create “socialism with a human face.” Anti-Soviet demonstrations the following year ushered in a period of harsh repression. With the collapse of Soviet authority in 1989, Czechoslovakia regained its freedom through a peaceful “Velvet Revolution.” On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a “velvet divorce” into its two national components, the Czech and Slovakia Republics. Now a member of NATO, the Czech Republic has moved towards integration in world markets and became a member of the European Union on 1 May 2004.
Location
Central Europe, southeast of Germany Area 78,864 sq km
Land Boundaries
Austria, Germany, Poland, Slovakia
Natural Resources
Hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber
Population
10.5 million (March 2011 est.)
Ethnic Groups
Czech 90.4%, Moravian 3.7%, Slovak 1.9%, Polish 0.5%, German 0.4%, Silesian 0.4%, Roma 0.1%, Hungarian 0.1%, other 0.3% (Census 2001)
Religions
Atheist /Secularist 59%, Roman Catholic 26.8%, Protestant 4.6%, Orthodox 3%, other 13.4%, Evangelicals 0.6%
Languages
Czech
Capital
Prague
Agriculture
Grains, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, cattle, poultry; forest products
Industries
Road vehicles, metallurgy, industrial and office machinery and equipment, electrical equipment
Currency
1 koruna (Kc) = 100 haleru